Krishnagiri, Uthangarai, Palacode, Permagaram, Dharmapuri, Harur, Pappireddipatti, Hoser, and Denkani Kotta .

Rice, Cholan, Cumbu, Ragi, Samai, Maize, Greengram, Blackgram, Redgram, Cowepa, Groundnut, Sunflower, Castor, Cotton, Gingally,Horsegram, Sugarcane,Tapioca, Tamato,Beans, Cabbage,Potato, Turmeric,Water melon, Onion,Mango, Banana,Betelvine, Grapes,Horsegram,and Coconut.

Normal sowing time:
· Samba (June - July) and Navarai (November - December) .

Varieties suitable:
· ADT 39,ASD 19,Imp. White Ponni , Paiyur 1,IR 20,CO 43,IR 50,ADT 43,ADT 42,J 13,Bhavani.

Seed Rate and Spacing:
· 20-25 kg/ha for transplanting, 16-20 kg/ha for direct planting.

Land preparation:
· The nursery plots should be levelled properly and channels should be opened for irrigation as well as drainage.
· For main filed puddle the field 15 days before transplanting.
· Levelled the land properly with plank.

Fertilizers:
· Nursery: For 0.01 ha, 5.5 kg Urea, 7.5 kg SSP, 2 kg Mureate of potash. For Zn deficient soils – per nursery of 0.01 ha, apply 1.5 kg ZnSO₄.
· Main field: 40-60 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 40 kg K2O for Godavari, 60-80 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 30 kg K2O for other areas (on one hectare basis).
· 50 kg/ha ZnSO₄ in Zn deficient soils.

Normal sowing time:
· May last week to June 2nd week.

Varieties suitable:
· Thalavrichan Local,Paiyur 1,CO 26,CO 4,Paiyur 2.

Seed Rate and Spacing:
· 8-10 kg/ha; 45 x (12-15 cm) .

Fertilizers:
·

Varieties suitable:
· CO 7, WCC 75, ICMV 221

Seed Rate and Spacing:
· 5 kg/ha.

Land preparation:
· Light ploughing.

Fertilizers:
· 10 tons FYM, 40 kg N, 20 kg K2O. (on one hectare basis).

Normal sowing time:
It matures in 115-120 days.

Varieties suitable:
· Varieties:HR 911, Paiyur 1, GPU 28,Indaf 5,Co 13

Seed Rate and Spacing:
· 4 kg/ha; 45 x (12-15) cm.

Fertilizers:
· 40-60 kg N, 30 kg P2O5, 20 kg K2O. (on one hectare basis)

Normal sowing time:
July to early August, samai variety Paiyur 1, It matures in 105-110 days and withstands early season drought.samai variety Paiyur 2,Maturing in 80-85 days.

Varieties suitable:
· Paiyur 1, Paiyur 2,Local.

Seed Rate and Spacing:
· 5 kg/ha; 30 x 15 or 30 x 10 cm.

Land preparation:
· Plough the soil for 2-4 times to get a fine tilth.
· Run harrow twice and level the field.

Fertilizers:
Combined application of 5 t/ha of FYM along with 40:20:0 kg NPK/ha along with seed treatment of azospirillum was found effective in registering the highest grain yield in rainfed samai.
Application of 6.25 kg ZnSO4/with 12.5 kg FeSO4/ha enriched with FYM registered the highest grain and straw yields of 1375 and 2785 kg/ha respectively
Technologies developed to get higher yield in samai were, small bunds formation, FYM at 12.5 t/ha. seed hardening, enriched FYM application, biofertilizer and organic fertilizers application.

Normal sowing time:
· June 2nd week to July 2nd week.

Varieties suitable:
· Varieties: Local.

Fertilizers:
· CO 1 can be recommended for rainfed cultivation. An optimum population of 1,10,000 plants/ha (45x25cm) to be maintained for high yield. Application of 60:30:30 kg NPK/ha with Azospirillum inoculation through seed and soil gave good yield from rainfed maize. Further 30 kg P2O5 and 30 kg K2O are to be applied as enriched FYM and nitrogen in two splits as basal and at taselling. Two pockets of Azospirillum for seed treatment and 10 pockets for soil application/ha are to be used. Coirpith @ 10 t/ha was found to be an ideal soil amendment for tannery effluent affected soils. Coirpith gave significantly high grain (2914/ha) and straw yield (6350/ha) of maize (CO .1)

Normal sowing time:
· Up to 2nd week of June to July for sowing.

Varieties suitable:
·K 851,KM 2.

Seed Rate and Spacing:
· 15-16 kg/ha. for dryland crop 16-18 kg/ha; 30 x 10 cm.

Land preparation:
· Plogh the soil first with country plough followed by Gorru and bring to fine tilth using blade harrow.
· In paddy fallows direct planting is recomended.

Fertilizers:
· 20 kg N, 50 kg P2O5.

Normal sowing time:
· June to July

Varieties suitable:
· TMV 1,T 9.

Seed Rate and Spacing:
· 16-18 kg/ha; 30 x 10 cm.

Land preparation:
· While prepairing a land add basal dose of fertilizer and mix thoroughly with gorru.

Fertilizers:
· 20kg N, 50kg P2O5.

Varieties suitable:
· Local, SAI,Perennial redgram BSR 1.

Seed Rate and Spacing:
· 5-7.5 kg/ha; 150 x 12 cm. or 180 x 10 cm.

Land preparation:
· Plough the soil twice before sowing and bring to a fine tilth.

Fertilizers:
· 20kg N, 50kg P2O5.

Normal sowing time:
· Up to July 1st week.

Varieties suitable:
· Hardy, JS 335, MACS-58, MACS-201, MACS-124, 450, PK 471, 472, LSB 1, JS 80-21.

Seed Rate and Spacing:
· Black cotton soil: 50-65 kg/ha; 40 x 5cm.
· Light soil: 30 x 7.5 cm.

Fertilizers:
· 30 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 40 kg K2O.

Normal sowing time:
· Up to last week of July.

Varieties suitable:
·TMV 2, TMV 7,VRI 2,Local red,TMV 1.

Seed Rate and Spacing:
· Spanish bunch type 100 kg/ha.
· Birginia bunch type 120 kg/ha; 30 x 10-15 cm.

Land preparation:
· Before sowing bring the soil into fine tilth using country plough and harrow.
· Level the soil using a plough.

Fertilizers:
· 10 tons FYM, 20 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 50 kg K2O (on one hectare basis).

Inter crops :
· Groundnut + Redgram or Castor 7:1.
· Groundnut + Pearlmillet 6:2.
· Groundnut + (Pigeonpea + Sorghum + Greengram + Cowpea) (7/11/15:1).
· Groundnut + (Pigeonpea + Cowpea + Greengram) (7/11/15:1).

Normal sowing time:
· Between August and September.

Varieties suitable:
·Varieties:Morden,MSFH 1, BSH 1.

Seed Rate and Spacing:
· Varieties: 8-10 kg/ha, 45 x 30 cm.
· Hybrids: 5-6 kg/ha, 60 x 30 cm.

Land preparation:
· Plough the soil 4-5 times and bring it to fine tilth.

Fertilizers:
· 6.2 - 8 tons FYM, 20-40 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 30 kg K2O. (on one hectare basis).

Normal sowing time:
· June to August.

Varieties suitable:
· Varieties: SA 1,TMV 5,GCH 4.

Seed Rate and Spacing:
· Varieties: 8-10 kg/ha, 60 x 30 cm.
· Hybrids: 6-8 kg/ha, 90 x 30 cm.

Land preparation:
· Plough the soil during summer 2-3 times and level it with a harrow.

Fertilizers:
· 5 tons FYM, 40 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 20 kg K2O (on one hectare basis).

Normal sowing time:
· Red soil: June - July.
· Black soil: July - August.

Seed Rate and Spacing:
· Varities: 60 x 30-45 cm.
· Hybrids: 90-120 x 60 cm.

Varieties suitable:
·Varieties: MCU 5,Suvin,RCH 2, 22, DCH 32, Surabi,LRA 5166, Paiyur 1, MCU 10.

Fertilizers:
· For Red soil 10 tons FYM.
· Varieties: 90 kg N, 45 kg P2O5, 45 kg K2O.
· Hybrids : 120 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 60 kg K2O.

Normal sowing time:
· July to September.

Varieties suitable:
· TMV 3,TMV 4,SPVR 1.

Fertilizers:
· 25 tons FYM, 80 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 50 kg K2O.

Normal sowing time:
· July to September.

Varieties suitable:
· Co 86032,Co 8021, Co 6304,MC 707,CoSi 95071,CoV 92102,Co 86249,CoG 93076,CoC 99061.

Fertilizers:
· 25 tons FYM, 80 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 50 kg K2O.

Normal sowing time:
· July to September.

Varieties suitable:
· MVD 1, H 226, 165, Co 3.

Fertilizers:
· 25 tons FYM, 80 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 50 kg K2O.

Normal sowing time:
· July to September.

Varieties suitable:
· Pusa Ruby,PKM 1,Paiyur 1,S 72,41, Varalakshmi, Avinash 2, Challenger 2, Rashmi, Rupali, Suracta.

Fertilizers:
· 25 tons FYM, 80 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 50 kg K2O.

Normal sowing time:
· July to September.

Varieties suitable:
·Golden Acre, Large Solid Late, Drum Head, Early Autumn Giant, Maharani.

Fertilizers:
· 25 tons FYM, 80 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 50 kg K2O.

Normal sowing time:
· July to September.

Varieties suitable:
· Kufri Jothi, Kufri Muthu, Kufri Swarna.

Fertilizers:
· 25 tons FYM, 80 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 50 kg K2O.

Normal sowing time:
· July to September.

Varieties suitable:
· Local, BSR 1,2,Ranga, Rashmi, Krishna, Suroma.

Land preparation:
The land is prepared with the receipt of early monsoons.
The land is ploughed five to seven times thoroughly to a depth of 22-25 cm. followed by two to three plankings in order to bring to a fine tilth.
Weeds, stubbles, roots etc. are removed.
Well rotten FYM or compost at 10 tonnes/ha should be mixed in the soil during land preparation.
Immediately after the receipt of pre-monsoon showers, beds of 1 to 1.5 m width, 15 cm height and of convenient length are prepared with a spacing of 40 to 50 cm between beds.
Planting is also done by forming ridges and furrows at 45 to 50 cm apart to avoid water stagnation during rainy season.
It is highly desirable to prepare the land in April-May, so that the planting may be completed by May-June.

Seed Rate and Spacing:
In Tamil Nadu, planting may be done during May - June or July - August.
The broad ridge system of planting (50 cm x 15 cm) has been found to be the best (34 t/ha) as against common ridge and furrow (28 t/ha) and flat bed (24 t/ha) systems.

Fertilizers:
· 25 tons FYM, 80 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 50 kg K2O.

Normal sowing time:
· July to September.

Varieties suitable:
· Arka Manik,Madhu, Arka Jothi .

Fertilizers:
· 25 tons FYM, 80 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 50 kg K2O.

Normal sowing time:
· July to September.

Varieties suitable:
· Co 1, 2, 3, 4.

Fertilizers:
· 25 tons FYM, 80 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 50 kg K2O.

Normal sowing time:
· Grafting process after June-July resulted in good establishment of the grafts.

Varieties suitable:
· Totapuri,Neelum,Alphanso,Sendura,Bunganapalli, Salem Bangalora, Rumani, Himmayudin, Malgova.

Fertilizers:
· 25 tons FYM, 80 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 50 kg K2O.

Normal sowing time:
·Assessment of harvest maturity is usually done by visual judgement,Dwarf varieties take about 11 to 14 months to harvest and tall varieties 14 to 16 months.

Varieties suitable:
· Dwarf Cavendish, Lacatan, Robusta

Land preparation:
The land should be deeply ploughed, harrowed and levelled properly.
Pits of 0.6m x 0.6m x 0.6m are to be dug sufficiently ahead of the time of planting at the required spacing.
A quantity of 25kg of well decomposed compost or FYM + 250g of neem cake + 50g of lindane (1.3%) are mixed with the top soil and used for filling the pits at the time of planting. In areas with nematode problem, nematicides and fumigants may also be added.
In wetlands and hilly areas no land preparation is needed and pits are directly taken in the required spacing.

Fertilizers:
For primary culture, MS medium supplemented with thiamine HCl 5 mg/l, Xlicotimic acid 0.5 mg/l pyridoxine HCl 0.5 mg/l, glycine 2.0 mg/l, myonositol 100 mg/l, sucrose 30g/l and coconut water 10% v/v is used. Activated charcoal @0.025% (250mg in 1 litre ) should be added as antioxidant to arrest the exudation of phenols. 0.8% bacto agar (8 g in 1 litre) and BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) at 0.5 mg/l are added and pH adjusted to 5-8.
.

Normal sowing time:
· July to September.

Varieties suitable:
· Karpoori, Patchaikodi.

Fertilizers:
· 25 tons FYM, 80 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 50 kg K2O.

Normal sowing time:
Pruning season advanced to March-April and October-November in the Cooler regions of Hosur and Denkanikotta and Thalli, and delayed to May-June and December-January in warmer regions like Krishnagiri, Harur, Palacode, Uthangarai and Dharmapuri taluks. Pruning 3-5 buds and 4 buds is found to be productive in Patchai draksha and Thompson seedless respectively for summer and monsoon seasons. In Anabi-E-Shaki, the crop can be pruned to 6-7 buds in summer crop and reduced to two buds in monsoon crop.

Varieties suitable:
· Patchthraksha,Anab-E-shahi, Thomson seedless, Bangalore Blue.

Normal sowing time:
· July to September.

Varieties suitable:
· Paiyur 1Paiyur 2Local(Kurungkollu), Co1.

Fertilizers:
· Studies on the seed treatment, soils and foliar application of Fe & Mo to horsegram variety Paiyur 1 revealed that 0.5% of FeSO4 + 0.10% of Na-Molybdate registered the highest grain yield of 814 kg/ha as against the control (567 kg/ha). Foliar application of Fe & Mo was found to be better than seed treatment and soil application.

Normal sowing time:
·Under normal management conditions a tall variety will start yielding from 7th year and dwarf variety from 5th year,Under good management conditions the average yields of the different varieties will vary from 100 - 150 nuts under irrigated conditions,Hybrids will yield upto 200 nuts in a year. In India nearly 7000 nuts are required to get one ton of copra.

Varieties suitable:
Green dwarf.
Yellow dwarf.
Orange dwarf
Tall variety
The inflorescence comes to maturity within 12 months after pollination.
Important Dwarf Varieties
Chowghat Green Dwarf (CGD)
Chowghat orange dwarf (COD)
Malayan yellow dwarf (MYD)
Ayiramkatchi

Fertilizers:
· Application of potash (K2O) to the coconut, has been found to result in increased yields and greater resistance to disease,Potash can be applied in the form of ash or muriate of potash,Although coconut palms have not shown as much response to phosphoric acid as to nitrogen and potash, it is considered desirable to apply 115 to 230 gm of this nutrient per tree per year to maintain the fertility status of the soil.

Normal sowing time:
· Maturing in 85-90 days

Varieties suitable:
· P 152,Paiyur 1.

Fertilizers:
· Application of 75% of P2O5 as rock phosphate with phosphobacteria + seed soaking recorded the highest yield of 708 kg/ha, in rainfed cowpea.